Near-drowning incidents are critical emergencies where timely and effective CPR means the difference between life and death. Increasing the chance of survival requires an understanding of the aspects involved in administering CPR to a person who is about to drown. This guide will bring you through the particular steps for performing CPR in the event of a near-drowning, taking into account any emergencies involving water.
What is Near Drowning?
Near drowning occurs when a person has suffered from submersion in water but has not died from the incident. It is often accompanied by severe respiratory distress, making immediate intervention essential. It occurs when a person experiences impairment from submersion, leading to severe respiratory distress, therefore getting help right away is crucial to avoiding further issues. The risk of drowning is significant, and near drowning is a crucial stage before it becomes life-threatening, which, if untreated, leads to severe respiratory impairment and even fatal outcomes.
The Impact of Water Submersion?
Water submersion impacts the body significantly, primarily affecting the lungs and brain. Pulmonary edema and respiratory discomfort result from water entering the lungs, though in some cases, known as 'Dry Drowning,' water does not enter the lungs. The brain suffers from a lack of oxygen during submersion, which leads to impairment. However, recent research suggests that even prolonged submersion might not cause irreversible damage if swift resuscitation is provided.
Immediate action, such as CPR, is crucial to restore oxygen flow, prevent cardiac arrest, and address any potential complications, highlighting the importance of understanding the body's defenses against drowning.
Why CPR is Critical for Near Drowning Victims?
CPR is critical for near-drowning victims because it helps restore oxygen flow to the brain and vital organs, preventing permanent damage and increasing the chances of survival. When a person is submerged in water, their lungs fill with fluid, leading to asphyxiation and cardiac arrest. Immediate CPR helps maintain circulation and oxygenation until professional medical help arrives. Without prompt intervention, the lack of oxygen causes irreversible brain damage within minutes, making CPR a vital life-saving technique in near-drowning situations.
Is CPR performed differently for victims of drowning?
Yes. CPRW is performed differently for victims of drowning. When performing CPR on drowning victims, starting with two rescue breaths before chest compressions is crucial, as they often suffer from oxygen deprivation due to water inhalation.
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), the breaths may be given mouth-to-nose if still in the water. Studies, such as 10-year Australian research, show that 86% of drowning victims vomit during CPR, requiring their airways to be cleared by turning them to the side. Laryngospasm often limits water entry into the lungs, making airway clearing less critical.
Differences from Conventional CPR
Near-drowning CPR differs from conventional CPR due to factors related to water immersion:
- Water in the Lungs: Water in the lungs affects chest compressions and rescue breaths, especially if it's freshwater, which dilutes electrolytes and causes complications like ventricular fibrillation. This hinders the lungs from expanding fully, reducing air intake and making it harder to oxygenate the blood effectively.
- Hypothermia: Common in near-drowning victims, hypothermia lowers heart rate and circulation, complicating pulse assessment and chest compressions. It reduces the body’s oxygen demand and slows metabolism, impacting the effectiveness of resuscitation and defibrillation. Rewarming must be done carefully to avoid abrupt blood pressure drops and other issues.
Supplemental oxygen is often needed alongside CPR to enhance oxygenation and prevent brain damage. Understanding Basic Life Support principles is crucial for addressing these specific challenges in near-drowning situations.
How to Perform CPR for Drowning Victims?
Here’s a quick guide on performing CPR for drowning victims:
- Get help: Call 911 immediately or alert a lifeguard.
- Move the person: Remove them from the water.
- Check consciousness: If unresponsive, place them on their back.
- Open the airway and deliver 2 rescue breaths: Tilt their head back, pinch their nose, and give two breaths while watching the chest rise.
- Begin chest compressions: If the person isn’t breathing, start compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute, pressing at least 2 inches deep for adults. Alternate 30 compressions with 2 breaths.
- Continue CPR: Keep performing CPR until the person breathes or emergency help arrives.